Thyroid Disease

by Dr. Effiong (TBH)

Facts;

* The thyroid gland is a tiny, butterfly-shaped gland at the base of your neck, in front of your windpipe, and right above your collarbone

* The thyroid’s primary function is to produce hormones; which have several different roles, including controlling body temperature, digestion, and metabolism.

* Thyroid disease can affect people of all ages and can be present at birth.

* Symptoms vary depending on the type of thyroid disease, hypothyroidism – Low levels of the thyroid hormone, hyperthyroidism- High levels of the hormone

* Unfortunately, thyroid disease symptoms frequently resemble those of other illnesses and life stages. This can make it challenging to determine if your symptoms are the result of a thyroid condition or something else. Thus the need for early checkups.

 

 

Symptoms

* Hypothyroidism?Fatigue, weight gain, constipation, dry skin, hair loss, and a slow heart rate , Forgetfulness, Heavy and frequent menstrual periods, Hoarse voice, Intolerance to cold

* Hyperthyroidism?Weight loss, a fast or irregular heartbeat, increased hunger, and an enlarged thyroid, Anxiety, Irritability, Irregular menstrual periods, Heat sensitivity, Vision problems, Trouble sleeping, Enlarged thyroid gland or goiter, Muscle weakness or tremors

* Thyroid nodules?A lump or swelling in the neck, difficulty swallowing, hoarseness, and neck pain

 

Risk factors

* Iodine deficiency: A lack of iodine in your diet can lead to hypothyroidism

* Smoking: Smoking cigarettes can increase the risk of developing hyperthyroidism

* Radiation exposure: Radiation treatment on the thyroid, neck, or chest can increase the risk of hypothyroidism

* Foods high in iodine: Eating large amounts of foods like kelp, shellfish, and iodized salts can increase the risk of hyperthyroidism ?Others include;

* Having a family history of thyroid disease

* Having a medical condition such as anemia, Type 1 diabetes, lupus, or rheumatoid arthritis

* Taking a medication that’s high in iodine (amiodarone)

* Being over 60, especially women

* Having had treatment for a past thyroid condition or cancer (thyroidectomy or radiation)

 

Complications 

* Thyroid storm: A life-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical attention

* Myxedema coma: A rare, life-threatening condition caused by severe, untreated hypothyroidism

 

Treatment

* Based on the type of thyroid condition you have, doctors generally recommend lifestyle changes and medications and sometimes, surgical options as management

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